Wednesday, December 23, 2020

Lots Of Gas And Diarrhea

Diarrhea and gas can be caused by chronic irritable bowel syndrome. There are many causes for diarrhea all of which can result in severe diarrhea also known as liquid poop or watery stool.

Why Do I Have Stomach Pain And Diarrhea Carolina Digestive

Examples include gastroenteritis irritable bowel syndrome lactose intolerance and giardiasis.

Lots of gas and diarrhea. Louis-based food and nutrition consultant and former president of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. However many more conditions could be responsible for these symptoms. Medication may also cause gas and diarrhea and many people have this reaction to some types of antibiotics.

This increases the ejection and loudness of the bowel movement. Gas-driven bloating and pain can occur when the digestive system is unable to sufficiently break down or absorb certain foods the Mayo Clinic notes. Some people may also have these symptoms after drinking a significant amount of alcohol.

Explosive or severe diarrhea causes a person to pass liquid or loose stool more frequently and forcefully than regular diarrhea. It normally lasts 2 to 3 days and if you need to treat it there are non-prescription medications which suggests they do not require a prescription. This condition causes inflammation of your large intestine.

In addition to diarrhea symptoms include gas and. I try to tell my mom who is a nurse and she keeps telling me nothing is wrong but I think there is and. Diarrhea and Increased passing gas.

Diarrhea is defined as bowel movements of a. Its very common and although it feels bad its usually not severe. When you have gassy diarrhea your bowel movements stools are loose and watery.

Many conditions including infections of the digestive tract can cause the symptoms of diarrhea gas and belching. A variety of foods can give rise to gas and loose stool says Connie Diekman MEd RD a St. Explosive diarrhea occurs when the rectum fills with more liquid.

Often large amounts of gas accompany severe diarrhea. Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine causing diarrhea gas bloating nausea and stomach cramps. Gluten is a protein found most commonly in wheat products.

For the past few weeks I have been having Diarrhea on and off and when I am laying down I get A LOT of gas and it smells really putridI feel like my stomach is growling and rumbling during this it all feels offlike something is wrong. WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms diarrhea and increased passing gas. A large buildup of stool and gas creates pressure in the rectum causing diarrhea to be passed violently and loudly This may be accompanied by stomach cramps abdominal noises pain in the abdomen and nausea.

Tuesday, December 22, 2020

Constipation And Hip Pain

Ad Emuaid Gave Me My Life Back I Am So Thankful For This Amazing Product. It occurs due to various reasons like inflammation injury sprain or strain bone infection or any other trait that causes damage to tissues or cartilage.

Hip Pain In Adults Red Flag Symptoms Gponline

Hip Pain Constipation New York City-based yoga teacher Amanda McDonald agrees that tight hips are a widespread issue.

Constipation and hip pain. Please make an appointment with your doctor and write each ailment on a recipe card and hand him THE SYMPTOMS. Could constipation cause pain in hip and side of waist ive started new low carb diet and been constipated and now in pain. Stay tuned for an upcoming blog on how acupuncture can be an all-around help in treating your pelvic pain issues In regards to outlet constipation physical therapy is a must when the muscles are responsible for the problem.

Ad Emuaid Gave Me My Life Back I Am So Thankful For This Amazing Product. Sciatica constipation is a particularly uncomfortable and relatively common side effect of many lower back and leg pain syndromes. Hip openers are actually the most-requested moves in my yoga classes If you never move in certain directions she says youll reduce.

Femur bone pain after hip replacement extreme right hip bone lower back pain small lump near hip bone Diarrhea and constipation on and off Entire Butt Bone And Hip Pain Pain in the Left lower stomach near my left hip bone sollen bump by tail bone Lump on tail bone causes pain when swells. Last March I noticed a pain at the bottom of my tail bone. Last March I noticed a pain at the bottom of my tail bone HIP BONE PAIN AND BUTTOCK ABSCESS Tail bone and back pain Constipation Flank Pain groin pain lower back pain and o Constipation.

Can Constipation Cause Hip Pain If youre lucky you wont notice your hips are tight until youre trying to do the Half Pigeon pose in your yoga class. By Dr Pipin Singh. Please suggest some medicine for instant relief from constipation.

Small lump near hip bone Diarrhea and constipation on and off Entire Butt Bone And Hip Pain Pain in the Left lower stomach near my left hip bone sollen bump by tail bone Lump on tail bone causes pain when swells. Constipation Symptoms may include pain in the back buttocks and down to one of the legs. Remember to also take your pain.

These are common causes and most of the people are also aware about it. Constipation is defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week. WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms bloating or fullness constipation fatigue and joint pain including Irritable bowel syndrome Medication.

I Found One Fast Simple Trick. Any pain in body stress anxiety etc can affect the intestinal motility and can cause decreased movements leading to constipation. Emuaid Defeats Severe Nerve Pain.

Craig Morton answered 18. The blockage in your colon or rectum can cause a dull pain that extends from your abdomen to your lower back. Emuaid Defeats Severe Nerve Pain.

In order to find lasting relief it is crucial to understand. But if youre not so fortunate your tight hips are making themselves known every time you so much as walk to the bathroom or sit on the couch-expressing themselves in the form of lower. Though constipation may tend to lead to leg pain which in turn causes pain or uneasiness in other areas of the body.

While there is no direct relationship of hip pain and constipation. WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms constipation joint pain hip joint pain popliteal fossa and joint pain ankle including. Dr Pipin Singh explores presentations of hip pain in adults and red flag symptoms that may alert you to potentially serious conditions.

It can also lead to numbness in the leg. Finally a complementary and alternative approach to general constipation is acupuncture. So any musculoskeletal pain including you hip pain can secondarily be responsible for the constipation.

Buring sensation while urinating constipation and pain in the abdomen area. Sciatica is made much worse with constipation and bloating. Embarassment vs Deathbe humble.

Increasing your intake of fluids avoiding caffeinated beverages and focusing on beverages such as water and juice can help keep you well-hydrated and decrease the risk of constipation. Bloating or fullness Constipation Fatigue and Joint pain. However one of the most uncommon causes of joint pain is constipation.

The gas pain from bloating can press on a nerve in your hip or buttocks. Joint pain is a trouble that is usually uninvited. I Found One Fast Simple Trick.

Fluids will also help your body recover after you develop constipation. Hip pain in adults - red flag symptoms. The pain is usually sharp and dull which can be described as the same as that from pins and needles.

Then he can figure out what you need to do next. Sciatic nerve pain may exist at the same time as constipation or alternately for a double dose of suffering that can really diminish the quality of life.

Monday, December 21, 2020

A1c Medical Term

Dose Drug Therapy Therapy. Glycated Hemoglobin not an acronym - average blood glucose control over 2-3 months.

A1c Meaning What You Need To Know About A1c The Healthy

Its one of the commonly used tests to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes and is also the main test to help you and your health care team manage your diabetes.

A1c medical term. The A1C test is a common blood test used to diagnose type 1 and type 2 diabetes. You may have heard of a diabetes test called a hemoglobin A1c sometimes called HgbA1c HbA1c or just A1C. The HbA1c test is used to monitor blood sugar levels in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes over time.

Glucose attaches to or binds with hemoglobin in your blood cells and the A1C test is based on this attachment of glucose to hemoglobin. Shiel Jr MD FACP FACR Hemoglobin A1c. Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c is a protein on the surface of red blood cells.

Top Common Medical Abbreviations and Terms Related Articles. The A1C testalso known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c testis a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months. The A1C test is a blood test that measures the average glucose levels in the blood for 23 months.

Alternatively search Google for A1C. A minor component of hemoglobin to which glucose is bound. A1C is also defined as estimated average glucose or eAG Another term you may come across when finding out your A1C is eAG.

HbA1c is also referred to as haemoglobin A1c or simply A1c Definition of HbA1c HbA1c refers to glycated haemoglobin A1c which identifies average plasma glucose concentration. If you have an A1C level of 65 or higher your levels were in the diabetes range. A stable glycoprotein formed when glucose binds to hemoglobin A in the blood Blood sugar was assessed by measuring the amount of hemoglobin A1c in the participants blood a test that looks for hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.

If youre living with diabetes the test is also used to monitor how well youre managing blood sugar levels. Medical Definition of Hemoglobin A1C Medical Author. The A1C test measures your average blood glucose during the previous 2-3 months but especially during the previous month.

Glucose a type of sugar molecules in the blood normally become stuck to hemoglobin molecules - this means the hemoglobin has become glycosylated also referred to as hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c. The blood test for it may be performed when the patient is not fasting. Blood in the Stool Rectal Bleeding Hematochezia.

Medical Definition of hemoglobin A1c. What is an A1C test and what should you know about it. Share A1C in Medicalpage.

The A1C test is also called the glycated hemoglobin glycosylated hemoglobin hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test. Other names for the test include the glycosylated hemoglobin test glycohemoglobin. Doctors use the A1C test to see how stable blood sugar levels are in a person with diabetes.

Hemoglobin is the part of a red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells. Glycosylated Hemoglobin Test Hemoglobin A1c Hemoglobin is the substance inside red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. The A1C test is sometimes called the hemoglobin A1C HbA1c glycated hemoglobin or glycohemoglobin test.

HgbA1c is hemoglobin pronounced HE-mo-glow-bin that has sugar attached to it. The A1C test is also known as the hemoglobin A1c test or HbA1c test. Normal HbA1c levels are 6 or less.

If your A1C level is between 57 and less than 65 your levels have been in the prediabetes range. Hb A 1c is a good indicator of long-term glycemic control. If you have diabetes you should have an A1C test at least twice each year to find out your long-term blood glucose control.

Hog Hunting In Va

It is our mission to provide guests with the best that Central Virginia Outdoors has to offer. Trophy Wild Boar Hunts.

Culpeper Teen Kills 545 Pound Hog Possibly Feral That He Says Charged Him In Yard Virginia Richmond Com

Anything over 300 are priced according to size.

Hog hunting in va. Wo Meals is 725 per person no minimum First Timer Hog Hunts. Get Information on Feral Hog Hunting and Frequently Asked Questions Feral hogs feral pigs wild pigs wild boar etc in Virginia are defined as any swine that are wild or for which no proof of ownership can be made see 4VAC15-20-160. You may choose to hunt your trophy hog from ladder stands box stands or spot and stalk.

What is a feral hog. Cost is 50 to gut and skin hogs 50 lbs or less. Our authentic wild boar hunting can be tailored to fit your requirements resulting in a wonderful hunt for you and your guestsThere are boar hunting trips run by amateurs and there is no-holds barred professional guided wild pig hunting from professionals like DOA OutfittersWe have been running these adventures for clients from all over the US.

Operating exclusively on private and national forest land that is located in the heart of Virginias Shenandoah Valley it is a sportsmans paradise. And internationally too. We offer guided hunts for whitetail deer turkey ducks and quail.

Their sense of smell and hearing on top of being an extremely muscular and fast animal make them difficult to hunt. We spend countless hours scouting setting up tree stands and planting food plots to ensure. An all inclusive 2 12 day unlimited hog hunt 3 nights lodging and meals.

Feral hogs create interest in feral hog hunting. Hog Dove Combo 3 Calendar Day Hunt Package - 54500 This package includes 3 calendar days two nights lodging and limit of dove and unlimited wild hogs per hunter. Hunters are free to take the hog of their choice but we discourage killing Russian Boar under 200 pounds and Razorback Hogs under 150 pounds.

Hunting Pure Russian Boar is not also very challenging but is an adrenaline rush. Much of it is river bottom land containing planted grainfields oaks ridges planted pines and cutovers. Supreme 5 Calendar Day Hog Hunt Package - 99000.

Family Special Half Price Deal. Bigger hogs are cut into 10 pieces and ready for the cooker. A Great Turkey Hunt.

We offer Big Game hunts for trophy whitetail deer fallow deer red stag wild boar and buffalo. A loose group of domestic hogs can quickly take on feral characteristics and transition to a thriving wild population in only a few. We pride ourselves in offering a unique atmosphere where the traditions of yesterday walk hand in hand with the modern luxuries of today.

Located in Monroe County West Virginia we are a privately owned and operated HIGH FENCED HUNTING PRESERVE. Feral hogs in Virginia are defined as any swine that are wild or for which no proof of ownership can be made and are designated as a nuisance species per the Code of Virginia and the Virginia. Color coat and origin are not important.

Hunting license not required to hunt hogs. Whether its trophy whitetails strutting toms or wing shooting doves or enjoying a day watching great pointing dogs work on our 250 acre shooting preserve Sailors Creek Outfitters is your guide to hunting central Virginia. Blue Ridge Outfitters is located in Page County in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.

There are hunts at Back Bay National Wildlife Reserve and False Cape State Park near Virginia Beach. We offer both guided and non-guided hunts. Mountain Meadow Hunting - The Best Wild Boar Hunting in West Virginia.

Your hog hunt can be booked using your weapon of choice. During wild boar hunts boar use their tusks to scavenge for food and use them to defend themselves when they feel are in danger. Including bow handgun or rifle.

While youre with us youll explore a landscape rich in history and natural beauty bag that game prize youve been dreaming of and catch a trout whose size you wont have to lie about. This package is recommended for those that have not hunted hogs. Many hold farm ponds offering opportunities for mixed bags of.

Increased overall interest in feral hog hunting in Virginia is leading to more and more new populations through human actions that introduce feral hogs to new areas. While Southern hog and boar hunting usually requires the hunter to take the first hog that he sees High Adventure Ranch encourages hunters to go for the truly impressive kill. Welcome to Hog Haven West Virginia a 200 acre game reserve situated in the rolling foothills of the Appalachian mountains of West Virginia.

About Paint Bank VA. Discover the perfect hunting fishing destination nestled in a picturesque valley on the VirginiaWest Virginia border. Falkland Farms offers hunting packages for various types of animals.

Contact Terry for details. Razorback owns and leases over 2700 acres of farmland with exclusive hunting rights in the Central Virginia area for our clients. There is a population of wild hogs in Halifax County and have gotten as far as the western part of the county following the Banister River.

F alkland Farms Hunting Plantation is a 7600 acre farm located in Halifax County Virginia. Double Spur Outfitters is Star Tannery Virginias premier hunting guide service. Our include bear deer turkey and predator hunts.

These are lottery hunts and you have to register for them by the end of August. Here at Hog Haven we are proud to offer the very best in hunting of quality Hogs and now offer trophy Rams as well. The cost is 1lb thereafter.

A 2 12 day semi- guided unlimited hog hunt 3 nights lodging including meals is 799 per person 4 person minimum. It is our goal to provide all of our hunters with the highest quality Big Game Hunting. Hog hunts are 475 up to 300 lbs.

Flagler County Sheriffs deputies say 52-year-old Steven Egan was hog hunting Saturday night with girlfriend Lisa Simmons at a hunting camp off a rural county road in Flagler in the northern part. It is required that only staff clean all hogs harvested.

Sunday, December 20, 2020

Which Hipaa Standard Requires Providers

Standard 1 Transactions and Code Sets requires providers to use specific code sets such as Current Procedural Terminology CPT and the International Classifications of Diseases. The HIPAA Security Rule requires providers and their business associates to implement specific administrative.

Internet Lawyer Dblg Hipaa Security Rule Technical Safeguards Detail

It also defines how and when healthcare professionals lawyers or anyone who can access your PHI can or cannot use that data.

Which hipaa standard requires providers. The HIPAA security standards and HIPAA security procedures require healthcare providers to protect electronically stored protected health information about a patient. Standard 1 Transactions and Code Sets requires providers to use specific code sets such as Current Procedural Terminology CPT and the International Classifications of Diseases. Covered entities under HIPAA include.

All covered entities must comply with the electronic transactions and code sets standards adopted by HHS. Hospital files an electronic claim for payment for the delivery of care. Covered Health Care Provider.

Chiropractors Clinics Dentists Doctors. Standard requires Providers and others to only access the minimum amount of PHI necessary to get the job done The University to develop specific policies that link access to the individuals job description The University has determined that members of the patients provider team must have access to the full medical record so. HIPAA required the Department of Health and Human Services HHS to adopt national standards for electronic healthcare transactions.

Identifier Standards for Employers and Providers HIPAA requires that employers have standard national numbers that identify them on standard transactions. Standard 2 is HIPAAs privacy rule. The HITECH Health information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health mandates all health care providers adopt high standards of technology without any.

The X12-837 HIPAA format will be used when a physician or other health care provider eg. The following covered entities must follow HIPAA standards and requirements. Standard 3 is the Security Rule and Standard 4.

Any provider of medical or other health care services or supplies who transmits any health information in electronic form in connection with a transaction for which HHS has adopted a standard such as. The Employer Identification Number EIN issued by the Internal Revenue Service IRS was selected as the identifier for employers and was adopted effective July 30 2002. Standard 3 is the Security Rule and Standard 4 required national identifier standards.

HIPAA privacy rules require medical providers to give individuals access to their PHI including health conditions treatment plans notes images lab results and billing information. Standard 2 is HIPAAs privacy rule. The Administrative Simplification provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 HIPAA Title II required the Secretary of HHS to publish national standards for the security of electronic protected health information e-PHI electronic exchange and the privacy and security of health information.

What To Expect From A 3 Month Old Baby

Babies this age turn their heads and smile at. Babies up to 3 or 4 months old need 14 to 16 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period usually waking every two to four hours to eat.

3 Month Old Baby Month By Month

Theyll probably be on the longer end of that range by the 3- or 4-month mark though every baby is different.

What to expect from a 3 month old baby. You dont need a 3-foot-tall bear at this age says Dr. A Great Education Activity that grows with your baby from 3 months old 3 years old Social and Emotional Activities for a 3 Month Old Your baby isnt yet heading off to school to build friendships or practice using conflict resolution skills but shes already learning early social and emotional skills that will be the building blocks. Come by our shop and see products from the top best selling brands.

Thats because she has formed a strong attachment to you. UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT BREASTFEEDING POSITIONS. Come by our shop and see products from the top best selling brands.

Ad At Swaddles Baby you will find selected baby gear and furniture for your little one. The average 3-month-old baby drinks about 720ml to 1200ml a day spread over five to eight feeds. She might follow you with her eyes and enjoy smiling at.

Heres an overview of some typical motor milestones to expect from birth to 3 months. Before you purchase toys for a 3-month-old child take these factors into consideration. Average length is 235 inches for girls and 242 inches for boys.

She also knows your voice and can turn her head to you when she hears you. Shes starting to link what you say to your facial expressions. Most 2- to 3-month-old babies particularly breastfed ones still need to fill their tummies at least once or twice during the nightWaking up every two hours for middle-of-the-night chow-downs on the other hand is typically too much of a good thing by this point and for most babies not necessary.

The three-month mark is a big one for baby milestones and its totally normal to have a lot of questions about what comes next. Never put a baby in a car seat in a grocery store cart especially anywhere near the handles as it could cause the cart to tip and seriously injure your baby. Ad Search Solids Food For Baby.

Every baby is different but a typical 3-month-old needs between 14 and 17 hours of sleep in a 24-hour period including three to four naps totaling four to six hours. Your baby is busy learning about emotions and communication. There will still be a soft spot on top of their head.

By the time your baby is 3 months the fontanelle soft spot at the back of their head should have closed. What it looks like. Newborn development at 2-3 months.

At 3 months old your baby may start sleeping through the night which means that you might get to count on longer stretches of sleep finally. Ad At Swaddles Baby you will find selected baby gear and furniture for your little one. Three-month-old baby feedings may become less frequent than they were in the early newborn days.

Whether their nourishment comes from breast milk alone or from formula or from some combination of the two most babies this age are able to consume more milk at each feeding than they were able to in the previous two months now five to six ounces. Get Results from 6 Engines at Once. Get Results from 6 Engines at Once.

Continued Third Month Baby Milestones. These movement milestones are often called motor development they are a source of delight for babies and their families. Ad Search Solids Food For Baby.

Your 3-month-olds hearing and vision are improving. Baby development at 3-4 months. However its also normal for 3-month-olds to sleep a little more or less than that.

Restless sleep due to frequent late-night feedings. What to consider when buying toys for a 3-month-old. The average weight of a 3-month-old baby is 129 pounds for girls and 141 pounds for boys.

Physical developments to expect from your 3-month-old baby. Feeding Your 3-Month-Old Baby. 3-Month-Old Baby Weight Length Parents want to know.

It might seem as if your babys head has grown faster than their body. The first weeks and months of a babys life are a period of amazing development. When your baby is 12 weeks old itll be time for them to have their second immunisations.

How much should a 3-month-old weigh and measure. She loves your face but she might find new faces really interesting too. New skills and movements form quickly.

Of course that means safety is more important than ever when picking out the best toys for a 3-month old baby. At 2-3 months your baby understands that voices and faces go together especially yours.

Saturday, December 19, 2020

Throwing Up After Eating

Some of the most common causes of vomiting in dogs include. Vomiting may also occur during instances of food poisoning blocked intestine appendicitis migraines and stomach flu.

Tips For Coping With Nausea From Ibd Everyday Health

Eat mainly bland foods such as crackers or toast.

Throwing up after eating. May result in vomiting as soon as you consume food. So make sure that you are giving the right type of bone and monitor your dog while he chews on it. Its important to understand that the process of vomiting after eating.

While allowing your dog to chew on bones comes with benefits it has disadvantages too. The chemoreceptor trigger zone CTZ andor vomit centers may be stimulated by substances in the blood. Drink clear fluids water diluted juices ginger ale and eat foods that are mostly liquid Jell-O clear broth.

Causes of Vomiting after Eating Common Causes. However if you always feel like vomiting after eating you should go for a health checkup. There are a number of reasons a person may feel like throwing up after a meal.

Avoid greasy fried or spicy foods. It causes diarrhea abdominal cramps bloating and constipation. When appearing shortly after a meal nausea or vomiting may be caused by food poisoning gastritis inflammation of the stomach lining an ulcer or bulimia.

Prolonged or repeated vomiting however can be dangerous and indicate a potentially serious underlying medical problem. Intestinal blockage in cats. In the event that he starts throwing up after eating some rib bones take him to a veterinarian immediately.

Vomiting that occurs regularly after eating can occur for many different reasons in children including harmless spitting up in babies food reactions and structural problems or inflammation in the digestive system. It is quite common to feel like vomiting after eating. A cat vomiting immediately after eating or within half an hour after eating may indicate both acute and chronic gastritis.

The gallbladder is responsible for. Suck on ice cubes or crushed ice. Make hydration your main focus after a bout of vomiting says Dr.

Start slowly by sipping water or sucking on ice chips then add in more clear liquids like. Throwing up just a couple of times can and does lead to full blown bulimia. Secondly throwing up causes binge urges to skyrocket meaning youre likely to consume more food than ever.

Inadequate sleep high blood pressure excessive exposure to heat high altitude motion sickness sea sickness indigestion side effects of certain medicines exposure to chemical toxins emotional stress or fear a reaction to certain smell or odor fever overeating etc. The Dog Throws Up Food Hours After Eating Vomiting partially digested or undigested food several hours after it was eaten indicates an abnormal delay in emptying of the stomach contents into the intestinal tract. GERD causes a burning sensation throughout the esophagus known as heartburn and may be a cause of nausea after eating.

The urge to puke after a meal can be very disheartening especially during meal times. Causes of Vomiting After Eating There are four reasons why eating food may trigger vomiting. A cat vomiting up its food hours after eating could be due to obstruction slow functioning of the digestive system andor pancreatitis.

Drinking plenty of water and other liquids to replenish lost fluids is important after a bout of vomiting. Other causes include allergies to certain drugs awful odors and smells indigestion chemical toxins and emotional stress. You may experience feelings of nausea after eating if you have a stomach viral infection.

For more we recommend reading. Some people who have irritable bowel syndrome IBS have feelings of wanting to throw up after eating certain foods. Food and the digestive processes triggered by eating may irritate the inflamed digestive tract.

IBS is a complicated condition to manage and can interfere with your digestive system. If it happens on rare occasions it is quite normal and there should be no cause for worry. Try these tips to avoid feeling sick after you eat.

Age To Sit In Front Seat

Airbags can kill young children riding in the front seat. There is however a law that states all children tweens and teens must use seat be...