When Was Aids Discovered

However a lentivirus that is genetically similar to HIV has been found in chimpanzees and gorillas in western equatorial Africa. HIV is believed to.

The History Of Hiv 1981 1990s Cultural Response More

The AIDS epidemic caused by HIV found its way to the United States as early as 1960 but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposis sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in gay men in Los Angeles New York City and San Francisco in 1981.

When was aids discovered. Were reportedly living with AIDS which develops from untreated HIV. However in 2009 a team of researchers investigating chimpanzee. Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris had.

AIDS was identified as a new disease in 1981. While neither the US nor the French teams were certain of the link their claims were seized on in the search for a treatment. AIDS - AIDS - The origin of HIV.

AIDS is caused by HIV. Other indirect evidence that HIV was the cause of AIDS came from the demonstration in 1984 of its high degree of tropism for the subgroup of CD4 T cells its consistent isolation from patients. The identification of a virus apparently linked to AIDS.

Details of the origin of HIV remain unclear. In the 1980s and early 1990s the outbreak of HIV and AIDS swept across the United States and rest of the world though the disease originated decades earlier. What he neglected to mention was that Dr.

In May 1983 two papers appeared in the same issue of Science claiming the same breakthrough. That virus is known as simian immunodeficiency virus SIV and it was once widely thought to be harmless in chimpanzees. The earliest case in North America was confirmed in 1968 in Robert Rayford a 16-year-old who never left the Midwest and never received a blood.

By 1989 an estimated 100000 people in the US. On a spring day in 1984 Dr. Gay in the 80s Posted on October 14 2013 by Colin Clews July 15 2016 The story behind the identification of the AIDS virus illustrates how the supposedly objective world of science is tainted by less scientific characteristics such as.

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV was co-discovered several years later by Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo. Who really discovered the AIDS virus. Treatment of HIVAIDS is primarily via a drug cocktail of antiretroviral drugs and education programs to help people avoid infection.

In 1988 the first World AIDS Day took place on December 1. Robert Gallo stood before a press conference at the National Cancer Institute to announce that he had discovered the virus that causes AIDS.

What To Do When Can T Sleep

And then when youre tired come back and start the process again Robbins notes that its best to avoid. Give yourself a mini-massage.

Get Rid Of Sleep Anxiety And Insomnia Your Guide To A Better Night S Rest The American Institute Of Stress

Develop your pre-sleep ritual Take a walk after dinner to catch a sunset take a long bath or enjoy a nightly cup of caffeine-free herbal tea.

What to do when can t sleep. Beyond the immediate run-up to bedtime incorporating fundamental sleep tips can aid in falling asleep and prevent serious sleeping problems. Spending stretches of time in bed while struggling. Breathing patterns play a role in the.

Try to go back to sleep if you wake up in the middle of the night. Brew some chamomile tea. If sleep hasnt come within 20 minutes get back out of bed and try relaxing activities again until youre sleepy enough to give it another go.

IStock SourceSupplied Sleep expert Olivia Arezzolo separates fact from fiction so you can get the sleep. Fold your laundry put away your dishes or read a couple of pages of a boring book. That is slowly inhale while counting to four seconds and then exhale for eight seconds.

Its best to play music on a stereo and avoid headphones as they can cause harmful effects if you sleep with them in. Follow a consistent sleep schedule with the same wake-up time every day including on weekends. These exercises help your body and mind relax before bed promoting good sleep.

One of the best ways to do that in the middle of the night or anytime youre feeling stressed is to do some deep breathing. This helps fine-tune and entrain your internal clock for more regular sleep. Dont worry youre not alone.

A regular consistent sleep and wake schedule is Winters top suggestion for anyone whos tired but cant sleep. What to do when you cant sleep Dont get discouraged and up out of bed 10 minutes after closing your eyes. Listen to music or white noise When you cant sleep at night turn on some tunes.

Eat something light preferably foods rich in sleep-promoting tryptophan and magnesium like a banana a handful of nuts some soy yoghurt or a small bowl of oatmeal. You could use a simple self-massage tool to ease tight muscles or gently rub the reflexology pressure points on your feet that stimulate better sleep. The name of the game when you cant sleep is calming yourself down.

You may also want to shift your bedtime he says. Singh recommends a simple 4-8 technique. Its normal to lie in bed for 15 to 20 minutes before you actually fall asleep.

No you dont want to blast heavy metal or rock roll but relaxing instrumentals or soft soothing vocals can lullaby you to sweet dreams. Make time for physical activity. The best practice involves going to bed only when one is feeling sleepy and getting out of bed if sleep doesnt arrive in more than 30 minutes.

The most important thing when trying to fall asleep is to build up a state of relaxation and serenity. Relaxation techniques such as meditation guided imagery or breathing exercises are excellent ways to help you decompress and unwind before bed I like the 4-7-8 breathing exercise especially. Avoid overstimulation Avoid not eating.

But though it may appear completely counterintuitive choosing to stay awakeinstead of trying to force yourself to sleepis a formal strategy for insomnia treatment in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which the American College of Physicians announced. What works when you cant sleep. Meditation magnesium common myths.

How Much Can A Pregnant Woman Lift

More than 1 hour of repetitive lifting a day. Instead try to make sure youre only lifting items from above mid-shin or.

Can Pregnant Women Carry Heavy Objects Babycenter

Because the evidence isnt conclusive recommendations by obstetricians have been all over the place.

How much can a pregnant woman lift. Exercising with caution helps whenever you lift heavy objects especially as your pregnancy develops. Generally if you cannot go past 8 repetitions you should step down to a lighter weight. Heavy lifting is a concern during pregnancy but the term heavy lifting is hard to define.

Theres no doubt that lifting weights during pregnancy can be beneficial. However if you are going to lift any object it is important to exercise caution. If a mom is mid-second trimester and feeling like superwoman she may lift at or above 100 percent because she knows that lift will be a make and her movement quality will be solid.

How much weight can a pregnant woman lift in the second trimester. Im pregnant with my 7th and have been given the. Up to 20 weeks of pregnancy.

While another pregnant woman may be comfortable using 30-pound weights stick with what makes you comfortable even if it is a 5-pound weight. Generally its agreed that pregnant women can lift items that weigh 25 pounds or under all day long without harm. There is no fixed answer for the question how much weight a pregnant woman can lift.

Of course your pre-pregnancy training would impact how much you will be able to lift. If you have a 20 lb. Lifting big weights in excess of 15 pounds could put both mom and baby at risk he says.

For some women lifting heavy objects can lead to an increased risk of premature labor and low birth weight. But that fails to take into account the many different factors that may or may not impact the lift. When lifting weights Artal explains you divert blood.

Unfortunately theres no definite maximum or minimum we can suggest every woman is different. The current recommendation is that the maximum load a. Weight-bearing exercises in pregnancy are the best workouts to maintain and build strong bones increase muscle.

There is no absolute weight limit placed on pregnant women as far as how much they can carry or lift. In general you should never lift anything weighing more than 20 pounds when youre pregnant. Some studies suggest the maximum weight is 15 pounds while some studies say the limit is 25 pounds.

Although your physician might be okay with this restriction if youre already used to lifting heavy items even before getting pregnant. People who repetitively lift at their jobs may be at risk of delivering their babies before 32 weeks. Toddler at home you will likely need to lift and carry her during.

Lifting an object incorrectly whether heavy or not can also result in a pulled muscle. A common recommendation is to not lift objects heavier than 20 pounds during pregnancy. Normal everyday physical activities arent a cause for concern and moderate exercise during pregnancy with your doctors approval can help promote a healthy pregnancy.

However a pregnant woman shouldnt try to lift an object heavier than 25 pounds in a day. As the pregnancy continues a hormone is produced called Relaxin which may. Women should avoid lifting heavy objects while pregnant.

Additionally NIOSH recommends against lifting any heavy objects from the floor. Theress no exact number but there are some straightforward tips to lift weights safely. There are no studies that show that lifting more than 25 pounds has an effect on birth weight or prematurity.

Jobs involving very high physical demands for example bending at the waist more than 20 times per day or lifting objects more than once every 5 minutes may increase risks for some adverse birth outcomes. Pregnant women do not need to fail lifts Mom and baby in the second trimester. As a rule you shouldnt aim to increase your weights during pregnancy.

Limit lifts to about 70 of your pre preg max. Also they can occasionally lift items that weigh up to 50 pounds with no problem. In general a complete dead lift of an object under 25-30 pounds is not harmful to an otherwise healthy pregnant woman.

Specifically researchers found that lifting items over 20 kilograms 44 pounds more than 10. However how much weight a pregnant woman can lift safely depends on her fitness level and how far along she is in her pregnancy. After 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Fit pregnant woman meaning women who worked out before they got pregnant are typically allowed to continue their training programs with a few tweaks.

Thayer Martin Agar

The GC II base contains nitrogenous nutrients in the form of casein and meat peptones phosphate buffer to maintain pH and corn starch which neutralizes toxic fatty acids that may be present in the agar. THAYER MARTIN AGAR MODIFIED INTENDED USE Remel Thayer Martin Agar Modified is a solid medium recommended for use in qualitative procedures for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis.

Free Picture Brucella Melitensis Bacteria Grown Modified Thayer Martin Agar

Thayer-Martin Selective Agar was developed for the primary isolation of N.

Thayer martin agar. Selective isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is achieved. Modified Thayer-Martin Agar are based on Chocolate II Agar which contains an improved GC Agar base bovine hemoglobin and Enrichment. Thāĕr martin a Mueller-Hinton agar with 5 heat-hemolyzed sheep blood and antibiotics used for transport and primary isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N.

Salah satu ciri khas yang paling penting dalam Thayer Martin agar adalah kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi. Urogenital specimenModified Thayer-Martin MTM agar is a GC agar base containing vancomycin colistin nystatin and trimethoprim lactate VCNT. THAYER-MARTIN AGAR Pendahuluan Kegagalan untuk mendiagnosa gonore pada wanita tanpa gejala infeksi adalah masalah yang.

Tambahkan 1 g agar-agar dan tambahkan 03 g glukosa. THAYER MARTIN AGAR PRESENTATION Ready-to-use glass tubes containing 10-1 ml. Meningitidis from specimens containing mixed flora taken from the throat vagina rectum and urethra.

Gonorrhoeae in 24 hours1 This was the advent of GC Agar. Timbang 82 gr medium GC kering dan ditangguhkan dalam 100 ml. Chocolate Agar with bacitracin.

Apicella in Mandell Douglas and Bennetts Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Eighth Edition 2015 Culture. Thayer Martin Agar is a selective medium used for the isolation and cultivation of pathogenic Neisseria spp from clinical specimens containing mixed flora of bacteria and fungi TECHNIQUE Refer to technical sheet of the product APPEARANCE OF THE MEDIUM Opaque chocolate brown. InTray GC medium versus modified Thayer-Martin agar plates for diagnosis of gonorrhea from endocervical specimens.

Campur dan didihkan selama 1 menit dengan sering diaduk agar larut sepenuhnya. Meningitidisfrom specimens containing mixed flora taken from the throat vagina rectum and urethra467 Consisting of Chocolate II Agar with vancomycin colistin and nystatin it is formulated to minimize the overgrowth of gonococci and meningococci by. SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION In 1945 Johnston introduced a medium to grow N.

STORAGE 2-8C TECHNIQUE Refer to technical sheet of the product. The Thayer Martin agar Ia adalah medium pepejal yang sangat berkhasiat dan terpilih untuk pengasingan Neisseria meningitidis dan Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Find Millipore-88296 MSDS related peer-reviewed papers technical documents similar.

Modifikasi Thayer Martin Agar. Kedua-duanya dikenali sebagai Neisseria patogenik atau klinikal penting. Influenzae from specimens containing a mixed flora of bacteria andor.

It is used for culturing and primarily isolating pathogenic Neisseria bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis as the medium inhibits the growth of most other microorganisms. Thayer Martin Agar is a selective and enriched medium for the isolation and cultivation of Neisseria sp. 467 Consisting of Chocolate II Agar with vancomycin colistin and nystatin.

Sterilkan campuran dalam autoklaf pada 121 C selama 15 menit. Technical Data 1648a 20130610. Thayer-Martin agar medium is a selective medium used for the isolation of gonococci Neisseria gonorrheae from specimen containing a mixed flora of bacteria andor fungi eg.

Thayer-Martin Selective Agar was developed for the primary isolation of N. Harta ini sangat diperlukan kerana Neisserias sangat. 11015410 Free PMC Article.

PACKGING Code Content Packaging 33040 10 tubes x 10 ml 10 tubes in cardboard box pH OF THE MEDIUM 72 02 USE THAYER MARTIN AGAR is used to isolate and cultivate Neisseria spp. Masalah ini akan dapat diatasi jika metode kultur tersedia untuk semua dokter1 Sebuah media selektif untuk kultur gonokokus dan meningokokus telah ditemukan oleh Thayer dan Martin pada tahun 1964. Thayer Martin Agar Base suitable for microbiology NutriSelect Plus.

CAP with bacitracin is a selective medium used to improve the primary isolation of H. Beverly A Bailey-Griffin JR Schwebke JR J Clin Microbiol 2000 Oct38103825-6. Thayer-Martin agar or Thayer-Martin medium or VPN agar is a Mueller-Hinton agar with 5 chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics.

Hemoglobin Bio-X and dextrose are the nutrients agents to permit luxuriant growth of fastidious microorganisms. Thayer-Martin media is a chocolate agar supplemented with vancomycin nystatin and colistin to inhibit the normal flora including nonpathogenic Neisseria. A single culture on antibiotic-containing selective medium such as modified Thayer-Martin agar has a sensitivity of 95 or more for urethral specimens from men with symptomatic urethritis and 80 to 90 for endocervical infection in women.

Indwelling Catheter Male

These catheters are used intermittently throughout the day to drain the bladder as needed or according to a set schedule. Indwelling Foley Catheter Care 1.

Bridging The Evidence Gap In The Care Of Indwelling Urethral Catheters Nursing Times

Pediatric patients and adult males with congenitally small urethras will not tolerate catheters.

Indwelling catheter male. You may use an indwelling catheter for a short time or a long time. It is pretty chaotic in her cubicle. Urethral damage occurs primarily in men because the catheter may interfere with drainage of seminal secretions.

Indwelling urethral catheters can be used for short-term bladder drainage or for the management of patients with chronic urinary retention. If side rails are being used lower the side rail on the working side of the bed and raise the side rail on the opposite side. Alana Ray Urinary Catheter.

In males consider a urinal or condom catheter if the patient is not restless or combative In females consider a bedpan female urinal or external female catheter For the incontinent patient consider absorbent pads Lack of Available or Appropriate Supplies. GET YOUR FREE JUST CANT WAIT CARD FREE Just Cant Wait Toilet Card. Learn about male indwelling catheters including care tips hygiene living with a catheter what is an indwelling catheter and travelling with a catheter.

Indwelling urinary catheter placed. The sheath is usually made from latex rubber vinyl or silicone. Once inserted indwelling catheters are held in place by inflating a small balloon at the tip of the catheter in the bladder with sterile water either already in a pre-filled chamber within the catheter or by using a syringe so it cant fall out of the bladder.

Indwelling urinary catheters usually remain in place for many days or weeks and are held in. These types of catheters are often known as Foley catheters. Fittleworth - Page Content.

This type can be useful for short and long periods of. An indwelling catheter is a catheter that resides in the bladder. The bag has a valve that can be opened to allow urine to flow out.

Indwelling means inside your body. You can find Foley catheters at medical supplies stores online or through your doctor. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators.

Lots of people doing lots of procedures all at the same time. What to Expect at Home. This website or its third party tools use cookies which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy.

An indwelling urinary catheter is inserted in the same way as an intermittent catheter but the catheter is left in place. Intermittent catheters are by far the most popular option for most men. The nurse does not get another catheter but instead continues to insert the dirty catheter.

An indwelling catheter collects urine by attaching to a drainage bag. During the catheter insertion the tip of the urinary catheter inadvertently touches the nurses scrub top. Facing the patient stand on the left side of the bed if right handed and on the right side if left handed.

Common reasons to have an indwelling catheter are urinary incontinence leakage urinary retention not being able to urinate surgery that made this catheter necessary or another health problem. Raise bed to appropriate height so you make sure there is no injury performing. Male external catheter contains flexible covering that slips over the penis similar to a condom.

Urethral catheters are more invasive because the device is inserted transurethrally. It may also be known as a Foley catheter. Indwelling urethral catheters are the most.

It can start at the time of insertion of the catheter but increases with long-term catheter use. This catheter drains urine from your bladder into a bag outside your body. An indwelling catheter also called indwelling Foley catheter is a flexible tube placed in the urethra and the bladder to help you urinate and collect urine in a drainage bag.

Male external catheter are better alternatives to most invasive catheters such as indwelling catheters which need to be inserted through the urethra. Most people will need to use a 12 14 French catheter. They also have a great deal of variety to choose from.

The catheter is held in the bladder by a water-filled balloon which prevents it falling out. Urethral catheterization in men is associated with epididymitis orchitis scrotal abscess prostatitis and prostatic abscess. An indwelling urinary catheter is one that is left in the bladder.

Kerman Health Center

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Http Www Nachc Org Wp Content Uploads 2015 06 United Health Centers Providing Wellness For A Lifetime Pdf

Rite Aid is now administering the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

Kerman health center. Kerman Health Center is a group practice with 1 location. Thu 830 am - 530 pm. Located at 456 S.

Order Online Tickets Tickets See Availability Directions locationtagLinevaluetext. For information or to schedule an appointment call 800-492-4227. Get reviews hours directions coupons and more for Kerman Health Center at 449 S Madera Ave Kerman CA 93630.

Kerman Health Center Information. United Health Centers is a medical group practice located in Kerman CA that specializes in Dentistry and Family Medicine. United Health Centers Kerman Health Center a Medical Group Practice located in Kerman CA.

Eighth Street Kerman CA 93630. Physicians at this Practice. Menu Reservations Make Reservations.

Contact them at the number provided for full details. Menu Reservations Make Reservations. Currently Kerman Health Center specializes in Cardiovascular Disease Family Medicine Geriatric Medicine Internal MedicinePediatrics.

Sat 830 am - 12. Tue 830 am - 730 pm. HealthPost is solely responsible for this service.

Contact or get to the Kerman Health Center and learn on the health services that are available to you and your family. Kerman Family Health Center is a Community Health Center. Our main purpose as a Federally Qualified Health Center is to enhance the provision of primary care services in underserved urban and rural communities.

This is the Kerman Health Center located in Kerman CA. This health center receives HHS funding and has Federal PHS deemed status with respect to certain health or health-related claims including medical malpractice claims for itself and its covered individuals. 449 S Madera Ave.

Kerman Health Center 449 S Madera Ave Kerman CA 93630. Wed 830 am - 530 pm. Kerman Health Center Physicians Next.

Our Behavioral Health Program offers services to promote the well-being of our patients including specialized care and treatment for children adolescents adults and families. Get directions reviews and information for Kerman Health Center in Kerman CA. Physicians at Kerman Health Center.

If you have a life-threatening emergency please call 9-1-1. United Health Center can provide you with a COVID-19 vaccine. Accepting New Patients Medicare Accepted Medicaid Accepted Mon 830 am - 730 pm.

Kerman Health Center 449 S Madera Ave Kerman CA 93630. 449 S Madera Ave Kerman CA 93630. Fri 830 am - 530 pm.

Reviews 559 364-2970 Website. This health center can cover services such as checkups treatment pregnancy care where applicable immunizations and child care where applicable prescription medicine and mental and substance abuse where applicable. Kerman Health Center Get Directions.

Search for other Psychologists in Kerman on The Real Yellow Pages. Back in 1973 concerned citizens from Kerman San Joaquin and surrounding communities worked together to form an organization that could bring quality healthcare to this underserved region. See reviews photos directions phone numbers and more for Kerman Health Center locations in Kerman CA.

Appointments Provided by HealthPost By selecting an appointment time above you are leaving the WebMD site and going to HealthPost a third-party. Madera Ave Kerman CA 93630. Monday - Friday 800 am to 500 pm closed for lunch 1200 pm to 100 pm Diana Villafan-Escamilla Health Center Manager.

Our team of qualified professionals offers a variety of outpatient therapy services comprehensive case management services and community resource referrals. Parmala Kumari Bangar MD. Get directions reviews and information for Kerman Health Center in Kerman CA.

Our main purpose as a Federally Qualified Health Center is to enhance the provision of primary care services in underserved urban and rural communities. To schedule an appointment follow this link additional information can be found here.

Hepatitis C Ab Test

Since hepatitis C serology identifies a broader group of infected individuals than surrogate testing it. The assay detects antibody to a presumptive togavirus or flavivirus which may be an etiologic agent of non-A non-B hepatitis which may not be a unitary disease entity.

Proportion Of Hepatitis C Virus Hcv Antibody Positive Persons Who Download Table

This is the first test for determining whether you have been infected with hepatitis C.

Hepatitis c ab test. I expected a positive result as I had lived with hep C and I was cured 10 years ago. No further action required. This seems to persist even though an antibody test is the universal way to screen for hep C while at the same time gaps in the treatment cascade exist because people arent getting confirmatory RNA testing.

This test is used to determine the presence of HCV antibodies in the blood. The HCV antibody test sometimes called the anti-HCV test looks for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in blood. The Hepatitis C Antibody Test The HCV antibody test is usually the first test done when a doctor suspects a patient has Hepatitis C.

The results will come back as either positive or negative. Anti-HCV test confirmation was performed using a recombinant immunoblot assay RIBA test and follow-up HCV RNA testing. Antibodies are chemicals released into the bloodstream when someone gets infected.

It is a cheap and simple test. The quantitative HCV RNA tests measure the amount of hepatitis C virus in the blood. My test showed up as negative to my surprise.

This test looks for the antibodies that your immune system makes to try to kill the Hep C virus. Overall of 22359 NHANES participants tested 479 2 were anti-HCV screening reactive and 477 were tested for RIBA. The antibody test is a blood test to check for infection with the hepatitis C virus.

If distinction between true positivity and biologic false positivity for HCV antibody is desired and if sample is repeatedly reactive in the initial test test with another HCV antibody assay. Test results can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to come back. In certain situations follow up with HCV RNA testing and appropriate counseling.

The most recent test was with a proven testing mode commonly used point of care testing POCT. Getting tested for hepatitis C A blood test called an HCV antibody test is used to find out if someone has ever been infected with the hepatitis C virus. It can take anywhere from 312 weeks after the time of initial exposure for antibodies to appear in the blood.

The result will be an exact number such as 1215422 IUL Many people refer to the quantitative measurement as the hepatitis C viral load. The viral load of hepatitis C refers to the amount of virus present in the bloodstream. Hepatitis C antibody test Initially doctors use the anti-HCV test.

It detects antibodies that the immune system produces to fight the HCV. Hepatitis C antibody HCV Ab anti-HCV-Hepatitis C for Patients. No HCV antibody detected Sample can be reported as nonreactive for HCV antibody.

Antibodies are chemicals released into the bloodstream when someone gets infected. Interpretation of Results of Tests for Hepatitis C Virus HCV Infection and Further Actions. The HCV antibody test sometimes called the anti-HCV test looks for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in blood.

FURTHER ACTIONS HCV antibody nonreactive. For blood donors hepatitis C serology correlates with surrogate tests for non-A non-B hepatitis ALT and anti-HBc. If Hepatitis C Antibody is reactive then Hepatitis C Viral RNA Quantitative Real-Time PCR will be performed at an additional charge CPT codes.

An antibody is a protein made by the body to protect against bacteria and disease. The hepatitis C HCV RIBA blood test is used to check whether you have traces of antibodies for the virus that causes hepatitis C infections in your body. Of these 323 68 confirmed as true positive and 105 22 were false-positives.

For an individual to be diagnosed with HCV they must first take the hepatitis C antibody HCV Ab screening test. For me this makes it likely that there is a communication or some other break down happening that can be easily addressed. In the process of filming an instructional video to show how these POCTs are done I was the testing subject.