Cell Phone Tower Technician

Cell phone tower technician jobs January 27 2020 0. Salary estimates are based on 1514 salaries submitted anonymously to.

Ericsson Telecom Tower Technician Career Skills Salary Fe

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Cell phone tower technician. In a nutshell they maintain cell phone towers and keep them in good working order to ensure that cell phones are always receiving signals without delay or issue and that customers always have full bars. Telecom tower technicians are people who specialize in the installation servicing maintenance and decommissioning of cell phone towers. The national average salary for a Cell Tower Technician is 42463 in United States.

Tower Technicians are the heart of our wireless infrastructure. Tower technician I n his career Billy Smith has reached great heights. Climbed various heights on multiple structures safely and efficiently to repair equipment.

Get Results from 6 Engines at Once. The climb is even more difficult because the heavy. Performs tower maintenance under 19 - 32 an hourQuick Apply.

As a tower technician Billy. Ad Search Cell Tower Technician Training. Cell Phone Tower Technician Modern Link Communications Molicom- Kingston NH Climbing and working on communication towers for the purpose of installing replacing and repairing antenna system equipment.

They work with a variety of hardware including coaxial cables antenna radios and fiber-optic cables. Cell Tower Technicians sometimes called Cell Tower Climbers or Tower Dogs put up new ones and maintain old ones to ensure that their companys customers have full bars of service at all times. Browse 18374 CELL PHONE TOWER TECHNICIAN Jobs 28K-57K hiring now from companies with openings.

Whenever your phone signal is weak there may already be a Tower Tech at the top of a cell tower performing maintenance and repair to. See Cell Tower Technician salaries in your area. As of Apr 9 2021 the average annual pay for a Cell Phone Tower Technician in the United States is 40503 a year.

A Tower Technician specializes in installation maintenance and repair of electronic equipment on a cell site tower. TELE 001 - Wireless Communication Fundamentals 40 hours. Tower Technician Job Duties.

Cell tower technicians installers and repair people do a wide variety of tasks throughout the day. In the event of bent steel the technician takes action by tightening bolts to ensure the towers integrity. The job of a Cell Tower Technician is to take care of those towers.

Cellphone tower setup can be permanent semi-permanent or temporary. Find your next job near you 1-Click Apply. Cellphone tower technicians are also known as cell site workers tower climbers or simply as tower technicians.

How much does a Cell Tower Technician make. Get Results from 6 Engines at Once. Maintained and operated construction equipment such as electric and hydraulic winches and capstans.

Filter by location to. Just in case you need a simple salary calculator that works out to be approximately 1947 an hour. Learning Alliance Corporation Tampa FL Cell Phone Tower Technician 052020 - 062020 Managed maintenance and repairs for assigned towers.

A cell tower technician cant ignore any damage or problems encountered even if. These technicians are trained to climb a cellphone tower and carry out their work at heights of up to 400-500m. Telecom companies need telecom tower technicians to ensure that their networks remain operational.

Introduces the student to the basic concepts equipment and functionality of Wireless Cellular and RF systems. Apply to Tower Technician Project Coordinator Administrative Assistant and more. This is the equivalent of 779week or 3375month.

The purpose of cell phone towers is to give users cell service wherever they go. And in good physical shape to climb cell phone towers up to 200 feet tall and broad-casting towers up to 2000 feet tall.

4th Gen Hiv Test

Call or Book Online. 4th gen hiv test after 5 weeks an 4 days negative.

Fourth Generation Hiv Test The Singapore Lgbt Encyclopaedia Wiki Fandom

The window period for a 4th generation antigenantibody test is about four weeks.

4th gen hiv test. I was put on biktarvy 17ish hours after the encounter and finished my 30 days prescription yesterday. 4th Generation HIV Algorithm Benefits Detects IgM. If the initial HIV test is a rapid test or a self-test and it is positive the individual should go to a health.

The window period is time between HIV infection and the point when the test will give an accurate result. Ad Same Day Appointments Available. This is the time when the virus is.

A fourth-generation laboratory test is recommended in UK and US guidelines. The average window period incubation period for HIV antibodies is 25 days to two months but can take up to three months-- This is how long you should wait after being potentially being exposed to HIV to get tested for it with this test. Call or Book Online.

Fourth-generation HIV tests can detect both HIV antibodies and p24 antigens whereas older versions only check for antibodies. The fourth-generation ELISA test Fourth Generation Enzyme Immunoassay EIA test detects anti-HIV immunoglobulin and nucleus protein p24 antigen at the same time both in the early and late phase they have the novelty of decreasing the diagnosis of the window period reducing it by 4 to 10 days therefore a positive result which must always be confirmed generally with Western Blot. Most rapid tests and the only FDA-approved HIV self-test are antibody tests.

During the window period a person can have HIV and be very infectious but still test HIV negative. Hunter Handsfield answered 52 years experience Infectious Disease Nearly conclusive. The HIV antigen-antibody AgAb combo 4th generation blood tests in theory are conclusive by 4 weeks and usually are but in rare cases 1-2 i.

The 4th generation HIV test is an antigenantibody test. As the title suggests I tested negative using a 4th Gen Test approximately 4 weeks 3 weeks 6 days after a potential exposure. A blood sample is taken through a needle from a vein in the arm.

This blood test is acknowledged to detect acute HIV infection 4 to 12 days earlier than third-generation assays. Ad Same Day Appointments Available. It uses a sample of blood plasma or serum and can detect immunoglobulin G IgG antibodies immunoglobulin M IgM antibodies and p24 viral antigen a protein contained in HIVs viral core that can be detected sooner than antibodies.

The fourth generation HIV test also called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA test is a more complete screening that can identify acute HIV. When is the right time to get the HIV Antibody Test. In general antibody tests that use blood from a vein can detect HIV sooner after infection than tests done with blood from a finger prick or with oral fluid.

An initial HIV test usually will either be an antigenantibody test or an antibody test. P24 Antigen 4th gen IA detects HIV-1 approximately 1 week earlier than 3rd gen assay Addition of HIV-1 RNA NAT helps detect false positive results results increases sensitivity to detect acute HIV infection Geenius assay differentiates between HIV-1 and HIV-2. NEW CDC Testing guidelines with 4th GEN HIV test 276954 - 070214 0827 AM In the US people can also go to their primary care doctor to get any kind of test they want from RNA to 4th Gen test.

The latest news and research on types of HIV tests Fourth-generation combination tests are usually performed on plasma or serum two components of blood separated from whole blood using laboratory equipment. Our blood test searches for the presence of these antibodies in the blood as well as antigens on the surface of the HIV virus. The right time to take our 4th Generation HIV Antibody Antigen Test is 2-3 weeks after exposure.

Sudden Stomach Pain And Nausea

In these cases symptoms last for less than four days and often resolve without medical. Inflammation of the appendix gallbladder stomach pancreas kidneys or other organs.

Sharp Stomach Pain That Comes And Goes 10 Causes

Diverticulitis may also be to blame.

Sudden stomach pain and nausea. You may feel as if. The most common signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis are nausea vomiting diarrhea and abdominal pain. Some possible causes of stomach pain and nausea include a stomach virus lactose intolerance or appendix or gallbladder disorders.

Nausea is a symptom that occurs when your stomach feels queasy. Sudden right-side abdominal pain after a meal of greasy or fatty food is a classic description of a gallbladder attack. Stomach pain and nausea is an indicator of underlying digestive issues that aggravate over time if appropriate treatment is not taken.

Bloating is a common complaint among both adults and children. If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms please see the National Library of Medicines list of signs you need emergency medical attention or call 911. Gastroenteritis stomach flu Gastroenteritis is a common reason for sharp pain in the stomach and nausea.

Researchers on PubMed Health report that bacteria viruses or parasites are often to blame for gastroenteritis symptoms. Causes can include overeating intestinal infections stress and anxiety and chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Indigestion the stomach flu and food poisoning are common causes of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain.

The person feels like vomiting and the associated pain simply does not allow him to digest food. Treatment options vary according to the direct cause of the stomach pain and nausea and may include dietary changes or the use of over-the-counter or prescription medications. Stomach pain and nausea are common symptoms in both adults and children.

The pain usually strikes when hard particles called gallstones block ducts. Signs and symptoms that accompany indigestion include pain in the chest upper abdominal pain belching nausea bloating abdominal distention feeling full after eating only a small portion of food and rarely vomiting. Gastroenteritis Stomach Flu Stomach flu gastroenteritis is a term referred used to describe a variety of gastrointestinal problems.

This causes a sudden onset of symptoms often referred to as a gallbladder attack which is characterized by severe upper abdominal pain nausea vomiting and fever. When dizziness accompanies these symptoms however it tends to point to more concerning health condition. When stomach pain is accompanied by nausea the affected person is not at all interested in having food.

Stomach pains and nausea frequently occur with common ailments that usually pose no serious health threat such as indigestion overeating or a mild case of the so-called stomach flu. Is This an Emergency. Gastroparesis a condition in which the muscles of the stomach wall dont function properly interfering with digestion.

Irritation or infection of the intestines or stomach is the reason for cramping stomach pain and feeling like vomiting. Indigestion can be a chronic condition in which the symptoms fluctuate in frequency and intensity. Right side abdominal pain can describe any kind of sharp dull aching or painful feeling in the area between the top of your pelvis to your lower chest.

Gastroparesis a condition that prevents your stomach from emptying properly Metabolic disorders such as uremia or adrenal insufficiency What causes acute nausea and vomiting with stomach pain. Pain in the right side of your abdomen may be accompanied by nausea bloating digestive problems and cramping. The most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States is Norovirus.

Cancer Injection Treatment

Learn more about its side effects and why it may do more harm than good. Radiofrequency ablation uses electric current to heat and destroy cancer cells.

One Injection Could Kill Cancer

Localized treatment options for liver cancer include.

Cancer injection treatment. Immunotherapy is used to prompt the immune system into attacking cancer cells. In comparison to daily also is used to prevent and treat cancer-related bone problems and osteoporosis caused. This type of medication can reach cancer cells throughout the body.

Still the term cancer vaccine can be used to refer to therapies that train the immune system to fight cancer according to the American Cancer Society Instead the new treatment is a type of. BCG is a liquid drug that can be deposited directly into your bladder through a. Common ways to give systemic therapies include an intravenous IV tube placed into a vein using a needle in a pill or capsule that is swallowed orally and intramuscular IM injections.

Degarelix Firmagon is given by injection and relugolix Orgovyx is a pill that is taken by mouth. Along with radiation therapy as the initial treatment if you are at higher risk of the cancer coming back after treatment based on a high Gleason score high PSA level andor growth of the cancer outside the prostate Before radiation to try to shrink the cancer to make treatment more effective Types of hormone therapy. Or to help control cancer symptoms such as pain or sickness.

Hydrogen peroxide is a popular treatment in the world of alternative cancer treatments but does it really work. If the cancer has spread to your bones medicines called bisphosphonates may be used. A new treatment that involves a simple injection has just been approved by the FDA paving the way for a potentially groundbreaking anti-cancer therapy.

If the cancer has reached an advanced stage its no longer possible to cure it. Using an imaging test as a guide such as ultrasound the doctor inserts one or more thin needles into small incisions in your abdomen. When the needles reach the tumor theyre heated with an electric current destroying the cancer cells.

Yale researchers are developing a skin cancer treatment that involves injecting nanoparticles into the tumor killing cancer cells with a two-pronged approach as a potential alternative to. Exporter of CANCER TREATMENT INJECTION - Cytax Paclitaxel 260mg Injection Pamorelin LA Triptorelin 1125mg Injection Pamorelin LA Triptorelin 225 mg Injection and Cycloxan Cyclophosphamide 200mg Injection offered by Surety Healthcare Ahmedabad Gujarat. A newly-approved remedy combines two treatments into a single injection cutting the time needed to administer it by about two-and-a-half hours.

Twice A Year Treatment For Osteoporosis Treatment for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis Prolia is administered through a single subcutaneous injection every six months. Uses of Kemocarb Injection Kemocarb 450mg Injection is used in the treatment of ovarian cancer and small cell lung cancer. Side effects of Kemocarb Injection.

It works best when palliative care is started as early as needed in the cancer treatment process. But it may be possible to slow its progression prolong your life and relieve symptoms. One injection could kill cancer One injection could kill cancer Scientists experimenting with an innovative treatment for cancer have now devised a targeted injection that has already successfully.

People often receive treatment for the leukemia at the same time that they receive treatment to ease side effects. Most injections come in prefilled syringes. Systemic therapy is the use of medication to destroy cancer cells.

Paula Lamb was prescribed it by her delighted. This is mainly because vaccines need an immune system response to work and you may not get an adequate response during cancer treatment. Or you may need them to prevent side effects of treatment such as blood clots after surgery.

Subcutaneous injections may be part of your cancer treatment. Estrogens hormones that promote female sex characteristics. 2000 Vial Get Latest Price.

An injection under the skin called a subcutaneous injection. The immune system is a group of cells tissues and organs that work together to resist infection by germs such as bacteria or viruses. In fact patients who receive both at the same time often have less.

Dosage Form If Applicable. Kemocarb Carboplatin 450 Mg Injection. Two LHRH antagonists are approved to treat advanced prostate cancer in the United States.

Iga Nephropathy Life Expectancy

In the early stages IgA nephropathy has no symptoms. The conditions that affect your glomeruli are called glomerular diseases.

Management Life Expectancy Of Stage 4 And Stage 5 Kidney Disease Timeslifestyle

You can still expect a long life with IgA Nephropathy.

Iga nephropathy life expectancy. IgA nephropathy can occur at any age even in childhood. Can you die from IgA Nephropathy. The first sign of this condition may be blood in the urine.

IgA nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease. It is caused by deposits of the protein immunoglobulin A IgA inside the filters glomeruli in the kidney. Generally speaking this disease is benign.

During a median follow-up of 136 years 577 11 patients with IgAN died 1067 per 1000 person-years compared with 2066 deaths 07 in the reference population during a median follow-up of 141 years 745 per 1000 person-years. Life expectancy was reduced by 101 years with a median observed age of death at 657 years and a median expected age at death of 758 years. IgA Nephropathy progresses over 10 to 20 years leading to kidney failure.

It might lead to. This is especially true for people who only have. IgA nephropathy nuh-FROP-uh-thee also known as Bergers disease is a disease that causes damage to the tiny filters inside the kidneys.

Little or no urination. A potential limitation of this estimate was that the age for surviving patients was censored at study end on December 31 2015. Current statistical data shows that IgA patients can go into remission and this accounts for about 4-20.

IgA nephropathy IgAN patients are. But as long as you take treatment timely you can bring. 5 Signs and symptoms of end-stage kidney disease may include.

Proteins have many different jobs in your body. What is IgA Nephropathy. IgA is a protein that helps you fight infections.

Some people with IgA nephropathy have both hematuria and albuminuria. IgA Nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease with approximately 30 t0 40 of patients progressing to end-stage kidney disease within 20 years. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy called IgAN for short or.

IgA Nephropathy does not threaten your life. It progresses over 10 to 20 years and can lead to end-stage renal disease. Life expectancy is substantially reduced for patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy in the southeastern United States.

Glomerular diseases include many conditions with many different causes. Up to 70 percent of people can expect to have a normal life expectancy without complications. With the progression you may have a lot of symptoms and complications which lower your living quality.

There is approximately a 21 male-to-female predominance in North American and Western European populations. How long can I expect to live after being diagnosed with IgA Nephropathy. IgA nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease and patients will only have slight symptoms and discomforts after 10 years and the illness condition will become life-threatening after 30 years.

After 10 to 20 years the kidneys may show signs of damage and 20-40. Many diseases can affect your kidney function by attacking and damaging the glomeruli the tiny filtering units inside your kidney where blood is cleaned. We found that median life expectancy was reduced by 10 years in patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy in central and eastern Kentucky.

In a study IgA nephropathy patients lived a median 6 fewer years than age-matched controls without the disease. After 10 to 20 years with IgA nephropathy about 20 to 40 percent of adults develop end-stage kidney disease. These glomeruli normally filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine.

Eighty-three percent of the deaths occurred after progression to ESRD. Among patients who develop overt proteinuria andor an elevated serum creatinine concentration progression to end-stage renal disease is approximately 15 to 25 percent at 10 years and 20 to 30 percent at 20 years 3411-14. Its progression to kidney failure takes a long time.

IgA nephropathy is the most common lesion found to cause primary glomerulonephritis throughout most developed countries of the world. After many years deposits of IgA may cause the kidneys to leak blood and sometimes protein in the urine. Patients with IGA Nephropathy prevents the filtering process of Kidneys.

Patients may present at any age but there is a peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. The survival rate within 10 years is 80-90 and there will be 20-30 of patients who develop progressive renal insufficiency. Protein and Blood in the Urine Proteinuria and Hematuria Swelling of hands and feet known.

Sars Virus Treatment

Assisting with breathing using a ventilator to deliver oxygen. Theres currently no cure for SARS but research to find a vaccine is ongoing.

Pathophysiology And Treatment Strategies For Covid 19 Journal Of Translational Medicine Full Text

The main symptoms are pneumonia and fever.

Sars virus treatment. V ratio and mixed. Over the next few months the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America South America Europe and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. SARS became a much-talked about disease in 2003 when over 8000 cases and 774 deaths occurred worldwide.

An infected person may also need a great deal of supportive treatment including artificial ventilation to help with breathing. Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent. An inactivated whole virus was used in ferrets nonhuman primates and.

The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. Methylene blue MB was added to 200 mL of plasma virus mixture and mixed to a final concentration of 1 μM a 2 μM b or 4 cd was set only virus. A person suspected of having SARS should be admitted to hospital immediately and kept in isolation under close observation.

What about a SARS vaccine. 3 The mechanism of action of ribavirin has been studied for decades and is still under active debate. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS Ribavirin.

Vaccine studies for SARS-CoV-1 were started and tested in animal models. To 180 mL of healthy human plasma 20 mL of indicator virus was added at a 9. Treatment is mainly supportive and may include.

VERO-E6 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 across different treatment groups 100. However some medicines have been used including steroids and antiviral medicines. The specific treatment for SARS and MERS is still being researched.

SARS-CoV the virus that caused SARS which was first identified in 2003. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Disease COVID-19 in Humans With Hemopurifier Device The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. The World Health Organization WHO expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future.

Antiviral medications and steroids are sometimes given to reduce lung swelling but. There is no confirmed treatment that works for every person who has SARS. It is a nucleoside analogue that has activity against a number of DNA and RNA viruses in vitro.

MERS-CoV the virus that caused Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS which was first identified in 2012. Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS is caused by a virus. SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003.

Antibiotic drugs dont work against viruses and antiviral drugs havent shown much benefit. Ribavirin is used extensively for the treatment of SARS and was given to over 90 of patients in Hong Kong. 4 In early March 2003 before the isolation of the SARS-CoV.

Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the US. Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus SARS-CoV. The virus is usually passed on when people sneeze or cough.

Interferon IFN is not recommended as standard therapy in SARS. The rationale for development of vaccines against SARS-CoV is to provide a means of control in the event a new SARS-CoV epidemic occurs or there is a deliberate release of the virus. Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments interventions and tests as a means to prevent detect treat or manage this condition.

Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine has been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies that block binding of the virus to its receptor ACE2. Despite a concerted global effort scientists have yet to find an effective treatment for SARS. Kaletra 400 mg ritonavir and 100 mg lopinavir a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection may be considered for early treatment of SARS patients preferably in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial setting.

Effects Of High Uric Acid

The crystals are heavy compared to blood and thus they start creating deposits in the body. Elevated uric acid levels may produce kidney problems or none at all.

What Causes High Uric Acid In The Body Quora

High levels of uric acid can damage joints soft tissue and organs and boost the risk of kidney coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases.

Effects of high uric acid. High concentration of uric acid in the urine often triggers formation of kidney stones. Serum lactate increased with beer and squash but elevation of plasma uric acid was confined to beer drinking. Beer drinking and its effect on uric acid.

There are many common symptoms of the uric acid disease including. This study attempted to simulate the drinking habits of gout patients. A high uric acid level is known as hyperuricemia.

When uric acid levels are very high crystals can form in our joints and various other body parts. If untreated high uric acid levels may eventually lead to permanent bone joint and tissue damage kidney disease and heart disease. Besides it can cause chronic kidney disease and the kidneys stop functioning normally.

By Mayo Clinic Staff Most of the time a high uric acid level occurs when your kidneys dont eliminate uric acid efficiently. High level of uric acid is even associated with Diabetes. It can also make your blood and urine too acidic.

It can also cause various painful problems in our body including gout. Things that may cause this slow-down in the removal of uric acid include rich foods being overweight having diabetes taking certain diuretics sometimes called water pills and drinking too much alcohol. This can lead to a disease called gout that causes painful joints that accumulate urate crystals.

High uric acid levels have a damaging effect on the kidneys. People may live many years with elevated uric acid levels and they do not develop gout or. Here are some of the ill-effects of high uric acid levels in our body - Accumulation of purines in our blood.

The joints suddenly hurt a lot. Learn more about uric acid here. High levels of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia and can result from either increased production of uric acid in the body or decreased excretion of it through the kidneys.

Drug options to reduce uric acid levels are primarily reserved for those with full-blown goutleaving hyperuricemic individuals without easy options. Signs and symptoms of high uric acid. One of the most severe high uric acid symptoms is kidney failure which manifests as decreased urination shortness of breath swelling in the limbs confusion and drowsiness fatigue or chest pain.

The pain will develop rapidly within a few hours and is accompanied by severe pain swelling heat as. The High level of uric acid or hyperuricemia makes oxidative stress by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species ROS which interferes the insulin signalling pathwaycreates inflammatory state that reduced the insulin sensitivityblood glucose uptake and metabolism also reducing the insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. Difficulty walking affects annoying pain especially at night.

High uric acid levels can increase the risk of gout which is a type of arthritis and lead to other health problems. Apart from the above mentioned effects of high uric acid various other kidney diseases such as chronic nephropathy as well as heart diseases are also caused by over-production of uric acid in the human body. Research has also shown a link between high uric acid levels and type 2 diabetes high blood pressure and fatty liver disease.

What is uric acid. Painful joint swellings which may be in one joint to begin with and later involve many others. High uric acid in the human body leads to create many health issues for a person.

Kidney failure can develop in patients with leukemia Hodgkins lymphoma and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma due to uric acid levels. When levels get too high uric acid crystals form in the joints and other areas and can lead to a number of painful issues throughout the body such as gout. Beer or squash was drunk over a 4-hour period on two successive days by five gouty and five normouricaemic men.

When your body unable to maintain the required level of uric acid it causes a problem like a kidney stone arthritis and gout.

Peripheral Vascular Disease Causes

In peripheral vascular disease peripheral blood vessels narrow due to a variety of causes which decreases blood supply to the peripheral tissues. Causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease.

Pharmacological Treatment And Current Management Of Peripheral Artery Disease Circulation Research

Fatty material builds up inside the arteries and mixes with calcium scar tissue and other substances.

Peripheral vascular disease causes. The most common cause of PVD is atherosclerosis the buildup of plaque inside the artery wall. The mixture hardens slightly forming plaques. Although discussions of atherosclerosis usually focus on the heart the disease can and usually does affect arteries throughout your body.

Peripheral Vascular Disease Causes Symptoms Treatment - Peripheral Vascular Disease Causes no date. Peripheral vascular disease PVD is a cardiovascular disorder in which blood circulation to the peripheral areas of the body such as the arms and legs is reduced. It occurs when arteries or veins get narrower become blocked or spasm.

This can be the result of atherosclerosis where plaque build-up causes. Peripheral vascular disease PVD occurs when blood cant get to where it needs to go due to a narrowing of blood vessels. Its usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits in the walls of the leg arteries.

Plaque reduces the amount of blood flow to the limbs. It can also impact blood flow to organs located in the torso such as the kidneys stomach and intestines x. It also decreases the oxygen and nutrients available to the tissue.

Peripheral vascular disease is also called peripheral arterial disease. Peripheral vascular disease PVD is associated with a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. PAD is a form of cardiovascular disease CVD because it affects the blood vessels.

They are most often caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteri. The fatty substances interact with the patients immune system on the inner lining of the vessels causing the substances to calcify and accumulate. The most common cause of PVD is peripheral artery disease which is due to atherosclerosis.

When this process occurs in the legs or arms and causes narrowed arteries it is considered peripheral vascular disease. The fatty deposits atheroma are made up of cholesterol and other waste substances. In atherosclerosis fatty deposits plaques build up on your artery walls and reduce blood flow.

It is caused by a narrowed or blocked blood vessel. The main cause is atherosclerosis which is the build-up of fatty deposits that narrow a blood vessel usually an artery. Intermittent claudication is the most common symptomatic manifestation of PVD but is also an important predictor of cardiovascular death increasing it by three-fold.

What causes peripheral vascular disease. Peripheral vascular disease is often caused by atherosclerosis. These plaques block narrow or weaken the artery walls.

While there are many causes of peripheral vascular disease doctors commonly use the term peripheral vascular disease to refer to peripheral artery disease peripheral arterial disease PAD a condition that develops when the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the internal organs arms and legs become completely or partially blocked as a result of atherosclerosis. Peripheral vascular disease is the reduced circulation of blood to a body part other than the brain or heart. Peripheral vascular disease is a disease that causes restricted blood flow to the arms legs or other body parts.

Causes of peripheral arterial disease. Peripheral artery disease PAD refers to diseases of the blood vessels located outside the heart and brain. Infection - causes inflammation and scarring which can block narrow or weaken blood vessels Example salmonellosis and syphilis are traditionally known to infect and damage blood vessels.

Where To Visit In Puerto Rico

The top attractions to visit in Puerto Rico are. El Yunque Rainforest Waterslide Beach Dine and Shop Adventure with transport.

What You Need To Know About Traveling To Puerto Rico For The 1st Time

Its here youll find Calle de la Fortaleza which once held the citys.

Where to visit in puerto rico. See all attractions in Puerto Rico on Tripadvisor. Puerto Rico is a place where the Old World is mashed up with the new on an Island that is small in size but offers an immense bounty of one-of-a-kind experiences. Only residents and tourists staying in Old San Juan will be allowed access to the area between 12 and 5 am.

Wear a mask to keep your nose and mouth covered when you are in shared spaces including when using public transportation. Wash your hands often or use hand sanitizer with at least 60 alcohol. Published on 3122019 at 1044 AM.

El Yunque Rainforest Off the Beaten Path and Bio Bay Kayaking Combo Tour. By Lyndsey Matthews. In Puerto Rico the possibilities are nearly endless.

Avoid contact with anyone who is sick. Its important to do this everywhereboth indoors and outdoors. Unforgettable Places to Visit in Puerto Rico Besides San Juan By Alisha Miranda.

To visit Puerto Rico you will have to bear in mind the governments health measures for travelers safety. With COVID-related travel restrictions still in place heres what you need to know to visit Puerto Rico. Come for the white sand beaches and pleasant climate or the intriguing colonial history diverse culture and delicious local food.

The hardest part will be to choose from so many options but you can hang out on one of the Islands beautiful beaches until you decide. You might consider kayaking the bioluminescent bays enjoying a local rum tasting hiking to see waterfalls in a rainforest or viewing contemporary art in a museum that is its own architectural masterpiece. In addition the coronavirus vaccine is currently not an entry requirement.

This unique museum is located in the mountainous town of Jayuya right in the center of the island. See all attractions in Puerto Rico on Tripadvisor. Gozalandia Waterfall in San Sebastian.

El Yunque National Rainforest Luquillo Rio Grande Puerto Rico El Yunque nominated as one of the natural wonders of the world is within reach officially located in Rio Grande on the east coast of Puerto Rico. To sailors they are known as the Spanish Virgin Islands for decades they were a secret destination for beach lovers seeking for quiet and uncrowded scenes with untouched natural beaches with perfect snorkeling conditions and magical natural attractions. The island is a dramatically different vacation spot from other parts of the US.

Arenales Caves and River Adventure in Puerto Rico. The best day trips from Puerto Rico according to Tripadvisor travellers are. Rich history and culture exceptional food pristine beaches majestic mountains relaxation adventure all packed into one sun-kissed Caribbean.

If you want to delve deeper into local culture and folklore one of the best things to do in Puerto Rico is to visit El Cemi Museum. Just a few miles off the coast of Puerto Rico you can enjoy the sleepy gorgeous islands of Isla de Vieques Isla de Culebra. The top attractions to visit in Puerto Rico are.

This includes several recommended vaccinations for visitors to Puerto Rico but none of them are mandatory. Cool breezy crisp air lush greens and refreshing spring waters you can jump into. Puerto Rico is an important United States territory allowing ease of travel to a Caribbean destination.

The Market Puerto Rico. Viejo San Juan is home to a variety of top attractions including El Morro Castillo San Cristóbal and Calle del Cristo. Snorkel Icacos Island aboard The Innovation.

The museums focus is the Cemi traditional indigenous artifacts said to hold Cemis or spirits. The Heart Soul of the Caribbean. Travelers entering any of the Islands three open airports are required to fill out a Travel Declaration Form through the Puerto Rico Health Departments online portal get a PCR molecular COVID-19 test nasal or throat swab no more than 72 hours prior to visiting the Island and show proof of a negative result.

Are You An Alcoholic If You Drink Every Day

However there are limitations. If you find yourself regularly thinking about your next drink or if youve tried to cut back on drinking and never quite succeeded you may have an alcohol addiction.

Am I An Alcoholic Do I Have A Drinking Problem

If you are taking alcohol daily your liver constantly gets to remove harmful substances from your body.

Are you an alcoholic if you drink every day. Alcoholism begins with dependence. A person who does not stop drinking even when they face negative consequences can have problems with alcohol. They also metabolize it slower.

In some cultures it is common to have a glass of wine with dinner every day. According to the BRAD. It can also cause inflammation of the liver.

Youve probably heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day. I had a pretty bad heavy drinking habit but I didnt drink every day. Alcoholism is the physical or mental dependence on alcohol.

The recommendation for drinking alcohol has long been no more than one drink per day for women and two for men on days you imbibe. Addiction is defined as being physically or psychologically dependent on a substance or habit gambling food sex. Thats easy to remember and its a reasonable goal.

For some people fewer than eight glasses a day might be enough. Drinking everyday does not make you an alcoholic. If youre interested in the potential benefits of alcohol consumption you should consult your physician and consider your medical history.

Problem drinking takes on many different guises. Drinking alcohol every day is not a definitive sign of alcohol abuse or addiction by itself. But the consequences of the Pareto Law are different when it comes to industries like alcohol tobacco and now marijuana.

A person does not have to drink every day to develop problems with alcohol. And a New England Journal of Medicine study found drinking 7-plus glasses of wine each week is one component of the kind of healthy Mediterranean-style eating pattern that lowers a. Many of the effects of drinking every day can be reversed through early intervention but become harder to treat with time.

The Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee released in July 2020 suggests that men and women both stick with a maximum of one drink per day. According to a recent article in Mens Health George Koob PhD believes having a drink or two every night isnt an absolute indication youre headed for trouble. With alcohol drinking every day can have serious consequences for a persons mental and physical health both in the short- and long-term.

The simple answer is No. Alcoholism is not defined by how often you drink but is more about the reasons you drink. If you look at a conventional medical definition of an alcoholic according to the psychiatric diagnostic manual the DSM-5 40 of college students could be categorized as an alcoholic.

With continued consumption these problems can lead to liver failure. To be an alcoholic is to be addicted to alcohol. In fact theres very little data about one or two drinks negatively impacting your health or hastening your decline into alcoholism.

Signs that someone may have a drinking problem include. If you have a drink every day you should keep some important facts in mind. Continuing to drink in the face of negative effects on health relationships or work-life unable to reduce or cut down on drinking.

However this advice may be changing. Most healthy people can stay hydrated by drinking water and other fluids whenever they feel thirsty. No youre not necessarily an alcoholic just because you drink everyday.

However one thing is certain. If you consume 10 drinks per day for instance you almost certainly have. But other people might need more.

Men and women are not equal when it comes to consuming alcohol. Using alcohol every day can lead to fibrosis or scarring the tissues of the liver. Everyone is different alcohol is going to affect them differently and so is alcoholism.

Website that reports on and encourages responsible drinking women absorb alcohol into their bloodstream faster than men. May 1 2018 Enlightened Solutions. Drinking alcohol every day is only even potentially beneficial at very low levels of consumption.

While Avena allows that it may be possible for someone with no family history of alcohol addiction may be able to drink every day without developing a problem as long as they only do so in very limited amounts she states that as a general rule excessive drinking in anyone can lead to negative effects on health and can lead to some type of alcohol use disorder.

Why Does My Mole Itch

Dry skin and eczema flares lead. There are many reasons why the itching worsens at night.

Most Deadly Skin Cancers Don T Start In Existing Moles Here S How To Spot The Signs

When a mosquito bites you the cause of your itchy skin is usually obvious and the itch tends to go away quickly.

Why does my mole itch. The itching can be concentrated where the bite occurred or spread all over the body. Chronic itch is different from chemical itch which occurs when the immune system reacts to a foreign substance such as oil from a poison oak leaf or saliva in a mosquito bite. Prurigo the formation of small and itchy blisters.

The first thing that you should consider is whether or not the mole has a border which is scalloped or notched. They can cause cancer itch in around 40 of the cases. Eczema a condition pertaining to dry red and itchy skin.

See a photo of what hives look. How to get relief. If the mole has looked the same for years and is only itchy after.

Bugs that can cause long-lasting itch include bed bugs lice and mites scabies. While symptoms of itching vary according to Medicine Net any peculiarly uncomfortable skin sensation caused by a rash or toxins on or under the skin can lead to the need to itch. Stress heat exercise or exposure to the sun can also bring them out.

I had all of these things along with a tonne more apart from that I could never lose weight I. Psoriasis a condition that causes dry itches patches on ones skin caused by dying skin cells. An itchy mole along with other changes like crusting and bleeding could be a sign of melanoma.

Itchy skin is also common during pregnancy or after the menopause. Something that is itchy is said to be pruritic. Moles may be irritated by shaving scratching them or by moles rubbing up against clothing.

Itchy moles could be related to using new products such as clothes detergents lotions or soaps. They look like raised welts that show up alone or in clusters and they are usually itchy. In rare cases itchy skin can be a sign of a more serious condition such as thyroid liver or kidney problems.

Thats why its important to keep an eye on any. You can find out what these bug bites look like and how to get rid of the itch at. Why Does The Itching Get Worse At Night.

In addition to the symptoms mentioned above itchy moles are a reason to get a medical evaluation. If your mole is itchy and you have not been drinking alcohol then you should have a careful look at your mole and consider five main aspects of it. Itching on the body sometimes accompanied by a rash can be caused by mosquito bites and other parasites such as ticks fleas bedbugs and body lice etc.

This is caused by hormonal changes and usually gets better over time. Often the cause of diabetes-related itching is diabetic polyneuropathy or peripheral neuropathy. Scabies head lice pubic lice.

Not all itchiness may be a sign of cancer or a serious medical condition. Medically itching is known as pruritus per the same report. The first was the itchy skin with rashes the second the weight loss then the potential depression the always got something wrong the UTIs and the heartbeat.

When bugs live on your skin or feed on you every night the itch can be long-lasting and uncontrollable. Sometimes itching can result from damaged nerve fibers in the outer layers of skin. Folliculitis caused by inflamed hair follicles upon the skin.

This means that around a million people will feel itching due to skin cancer. Any number of causes can contribute to itchy moles. Eczema flares are frequently triggered by the itch-scratch cycle This is when itching leads to scratching which results in the release of inflammatory mediators leading to the development of eczema and more dry skin.

Four million people are diagnosed with either one of those two cancers every year. The itching of those two cancers is usually mild and does not require treatment and goes away after the cancer is removed.

Smoking Weed Cancer

However there are similarities between tobacco smoke and cannabis smoke. Marijuana has been shown to cause immune system dysfunction which could theoretically predispose individuals to cancer.

Can You Get Lung Cancer From Smoking Weed Side Effects Of Marijuana

When this happens cancer cells keep growing without being stopped.

Smoking weed cancer. A number of small studies of smoked marijuana found that it can be helpful in treating nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy. Can smoking marijuana cause lung cancer. Our primary finding provides initial longitudinal evidence that cannabis use might elevate the risk of lung cancer.

While specialists already know that smoking tobacco cigarettes is a top risk factor for many forms. Yet in terms of clinical studies smoking marijuana hasnt actually proven to be as carcinogenic as smoking cigarettes despite the similarities in the chemical makeups of cannabis and tobacco. So smoking weed can even cause cancer due the burning process.

People also smoke marijuana in a different way than tobacco possibly posing greater danger to the lungs. That being said Hashibe et al. Although regular marijuana smoking can directly cause symptoms of chronic bronchitis coughing wheezing and coughing up sputum theres actually a lack of conclusive evidence that it increases the risk for lung cancer.

Researchers have found limited evidence of an association between current frequent or chronic marijuana smoking and testicular cancer non-seminoma-type. Smoking can cause cancer and then block your body from fighting it. But theres something else weve learned from decades of tobacco research.

A 2013 study showed that heavy marijuana use over a long period of time may increase your risk of developing lung cancer. Smoking is the most hazardous method of cannabis use and we know that smoking causes cancer says Steven Hoffman PhD a scientific director for CIHR Ottawa Ontario. Marijuana smoking does cause inflammation and cell damage and it has been associated with pre-cancerous changes in lung tissue.

A few studies have found that inhaled smoked or vaporized marijuana can be helpful treatment of neuropathic pain pain caused by damaged nerves. In light of the widespread use of marijuana especially among adolescents and young adults our study provides important data for informing the risk-benefit calculus of marijuana smoki. Researchers are not sure if smoking weed can cause lung cancer.

It binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and other parts of the body. However many population studies have not conclusively made that connection. There is no conclusive medical consensus linking smoking marijuana and lung cancer.

Overall there is a lot of evidence to suggest that cannabis may cause cancer but when looking in humans the evidence just isnt there as of yet. Weed smoke tested in the lab on various cancers found that it has the ability to kill certain cancer cells particularly prostate breast and brain tumor cells. DNA is the cells instruction.

Smoking a joint remains one of the main ways in which individuals use marijuana recreationally. Smoking has always been linked to lung cancer but scientists have never found a precise answer when it comes to the risk that comes with marijuana use. When it comes to smoking marijuana the evidence is more complex.

This produces challenging conditions for the throat lungs and the organs of the body that must process and digest those dangerous chemicals that are indeed linked to causing cancer. Because marijuana plants come in different strains with different levels of active chemicals it. The short answer is maybe.

You usually inhale marijuana smoke deeply and hold it in which gives the toxins more. In fact researchers have straight-up found that smoking weed doesnt give you lung cancer. University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers have identified the molecular mechanism activated by the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol THC the ingredient that causes people to feel the euphoria or high associated with cannabis in the bloodstream that accelerates cancer growth in patients with human papillomavirus HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell.

Found that even smoking 20000 joints didnt significantly increase the risk of lung cancer 9. Marijuana may also ease inflammation which. This may mean that smoking cannabis contributes to a.

The dose makes the poison. Smoking tobacco has long been associated with lung cancer. Poisons in tobacco smoke can damage or change a cells DNA.

Interestingly some studies link smoking weed with effective cancer treatments. Small uncontrolled studies have found that smoking marijuana regularly may increase the risk of respiratory cancer. Smoking cannabis does hurt your lungs.

Some studies have found that smoked marijuana can ease cancer -related pain. Poisons in cigarette smoke can weaken the bodys immune system making it harder to kill cancer cells.

Malignant Neoplasm Of Uterus

This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Z8542 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z8542 may differ. The 2021 edition of ICD-10-CM C543 became effective on October 1 2020.

Endometrial Cancer Treatment Pdq Patient Version National Cancer Institute

1820 Corpus uteri except isthmus.

Malignant neoplasm of uterus. The symptoms of recurrence are variable but include abdominal pain bloating nausea or vomiting or changes in bowel or bladder habits vaginal bleeding or shortness of breath. Eight mesonephric adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix four of which had a malignant spindle-cell component occurred in women aged 34 to 71 median 43 mean 545 years bringing to 14 the number of cervical mesonephric carcinomas in the literature. 181 Malignant neoplasm of placenta.

ICD-10-CM C540 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group s MS-DRG v380. Primary malignant neoplasm of isthmus of uterus. No screening tests for cancer of the uterus are currently recommended for asymptomatic women.

180 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri. Malignant tumor of uterus 371973000. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include endometrial carcinoma carcinosarcoma and cervical carcinoma.

The uterus or womb is an important female reproductive organ. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include leiomyoma adenomyoma and endocervical polyp. Neoplasm of uterus Concept Id.

The most common type starts in the endometrium the lining of the uterus. Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus. The following code s above Z8542 contain annotation back-references.

Endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus. The International Classification of Diseases ICD system for disease classification code 9th edition for this disease. 184 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital organs.

182 Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus. Personal history of malignant neoplasm of oth prt uterus The 2021 edition of ICD-10-CM Z8542 became effective on October 1 2020. Malignant neoplasms involving the uterus account for a significant proportion of all female cancers.

Cancer of uterus 371973000. Two types of uterine cancer are endometrial cancer cancer that begins in cells lining the uterus and uterine sarcoma a rare cancer that begins. It is the place where a baby grows when a women is pregnant.

736 Uterine and adnexa procedures for ovarian or adnexal malignancy with mcc. Malignant neoplasm of uterus part unspecified Billable Code C55 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Malignant neoplasm of uterus part unspecified. 183 Malignant neoplasm of ovary and other uterine adnexa.

179 Malignant neoplasm of uterus part unspecified. Cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus the small hollow pear-shaped organ in a womans pelvis in which a fetus develops. Malignant neoplasm of fundus uteri 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 BillableSpecific Code C543 is a billablespecific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.

Uterine cancer is defined as any invasive neoplasm of the uterine corpus. Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus andor the cervix. It is found in the 2021 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification CM and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01 2020 -.

Commonest histological type 80. The International Classification of Diseases ICD system for disease classification code 10th edition for this disease. The tumors with a malignant spindle-cell component malignant mesonephric mixed tumors are.

Malignant neoplasm of uterus 371973000. Malignant neoplasm of uterus. 737 Uterine and adnexa procedures for ovarian or.

There are different types of uterine cancer. Representative examples include endometrial carcinoma carcinosarcoma leiomyosarcoma and adenosarcoma. C0042138 A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix.

Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus Concept Id. They can be classified as. Uterine cancer 371973000 Definition Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus andor the cervix.

C0153574 A malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine corpus. Papillary serous carcinoma of the uterus. Cancercolumbiaedu The uterus may become enlarged or the cancer may spread.

Malignant neoplasm of uterus part unspecified C55-. CA - Cancer of uterus 371973000. 90 of all uterine malignancies.

How Do They Kill Cows

Cows come into contact with cantharidin by ingesting alfalfa hay that has been infested by blister beetles. They die quicker than their nerves can send a pain signal.

Australian Cows Killed With Sledgehammers In Vietnam Bbc News

This device is a cartridge or pneumatic powered gun with a large metal spike that is driven into the cows skull.

How do they kill cows. Hanging upside down allows them to bleed out. Department of Agriculture 66 million cows were commercially slaughtered in the US. A man in a flannel shirt steps in front of a cow shoulders a22- caliber rifle and clicks his tongue.

This is the working day for Beatle Tarrant who travels to. Having lived in a VERY rural area I can tell you theat the most common method of butchering cows is an iron rod shot through their brain. Once our calves arrive at the feedyard when they weigh around 900 pounds they will be given a.

Our calves spend the first seven or so months of their lives at our ranch grazing on grass with their mamas before we sell them to a stocker a fancy name for a rancher who raises cattle on grass who will let them graze on grass in another area of the country before they are sent to a feedyard. After they were taken from their moms baby cows who are male are killed not long after. They are electrocuted with an apparatus applied to their temples.

Including steers and heifers a total of 3295 million cattle were commercially slaughtered which averages to 90027 killed each day. When properly used it. Cows may be kept for days in these holding areas depending on the size of the slaughterhouse.

SubEasy way to Slaughter a cowscribe my channelEinfacher Weg zum Schlachten einer Kuh牛を殺す簡単な方法简单的方法来屠杀一头牛Un moyen facile dabattre une vacheایک گائے. Cantharidin can severely injure or kill cows when even a small amount is ingested. And cows have their skulls drilled with a special gun which introduces a retractable bullet into their brains.

According to a 2013 report from the US. In 2012 which results in an average of 18032 cows killed each day. This device uses a steel rod that is driven instantly into the forehead of the animal.

Wagyu literally translates as Japanese beef but that translation doesnt quite do it justice. The first method overdosing with barbiturate should only done by a licensed veterinarian. Decapitation occurs when the animals are hung upside down.

You askedThey are unloaded from the truck into a chute. The captive bolt gun also named cap-bolt cap-bolt gun cap-bolt stunner or captive bolt stunner is the primary tool that is used to stun and kill cattle in a commercial slaughter plant. The end result of each method is to render the animal unconscious.

After they are unloaded cows are forced through a chute and shot in the head with a captive-bolt gun meant to stun them. FRONTLINE asked Bill Haw CEO of one of the countrys biggest cattle feedlot operations and journalists Michael Pollan and Eric Schlosser to describe what its like -- for the cows and the people. After workers wrenched the cows heads back the slaughterer cut the throats of the completely conscious animals causing their blood to spurt out.

The methods below will guide you through what needs to be done to successfully and humanely euthanize a cow using barbiturate overdose a cap-bolt gun or a firearm. They are then shot in the head with a captive bolt gun. Its a word that calls to mind images of rural Japanese cows being fed beer and massaged.

The three most common methods of stunning are mechanical electrical and carbon dioxide CO 2 gas. But because the lines move so quickly and many workers are poorly trained the technique often fails to render the animals insensible to pain. The cow turns its head.

Since the breed of cows used by the dairy industry is naturally slender it is not economical to house and feed dairy calves also known as bobby calves for long periods of time. The oily substance can contaminate the hay even if the beetles were crushed into the feedstuff. Hens and chickens are forced to pass upside down by electrified water.

They Die Piece by Piece After they are unloaded cows are forced through a chute and shot in the head with a captive-bolt gun meant to stun them. Once the cows arrive at the slaughterhouse they are usually kept in holding areas where they can easily smell the blood and sometimes even hear the screams of cows who are slaughtered. Pigs are left unconscious.

Kill Cows Episode 2 is three pickups one drop. Workers restrained cows with a sharp tool called a devils fork and by hooking them by the nose. A shot cracks off and the cow drops to the ground its legs curling underneath its body.

Mechanical stunning involves firing a bolt through the skull of the animal using a pneumatic device or pistol. How do they kill cows.